Abstract: Research analysis of the situation of water resource in Yan’an city shows that: area terrain,landform and hydrology characteristics are the objective problems which cause the water resource shortage.The existing water conservancy project’s problems cause the water resource shortage of the project.The growth of population and the development of economy,the serious water pollution cause the problems of water quality.The faultinesses of hard-environment and soft-environment are the root reasons of causing the terrain serious water resource shortage.Based on these problems,this article puts forward some advice on the safe guaranteen countermeasures,such as build the project,collect water broadly,rationaly ensure the water using ration of every industry,carry out the water safeguard,optimize the management by government’s legislation and build the environment-friendly society.