Abstract: In order to research the influence of foundation pit excavation and retaining support on the surrounding soil, taking a subway station project as an example, the finite element software is used to simulate the process of foundation pit excavation and retaining support. The results show that the stress concentration tends to occur at the bottom of the pit and the slope area, and the maximum principal stress mainly concentrates at the bottom of the pit and both sides of the retaining structure. The bottom of the foundation pit and the soil around the foundation pit have obvious swelling, and the maximum horizontal displacement occurs in the upper part of the foundation pit.