Abstract: Aiming at the current situation and existing problems of water conservancy specialty development of higher vocational colleges in China, it analyzes and researches the regional distribution characteristics and coupling of water conservancy specialty and industry. Firstly, it made the data analysis on the basic situation of 16 specialties of water conservancy of higher vocational colleges from 2015 to 2017, including the regional distribution characteristics, opening situation, enrollment situation and employment situation of each specialty. Then, it also made the coupling analysis on regional distribution of water conservancy specialties of higher vocational colleges and water conservancy industries. Based on the data of 2016, it made the detailed distribution coupling elaboration of water conservancy 16 specialties and hydraulic engineering projects and the total investment in 26 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions). From the coupling results, it concluded that the development of water conservancy specialties of higher vocational colleges was unbalanced, and the flow of graduates’ employment was concentrated. It also puts forward the development strategies of water conservancy specialties of higher vocational colleges, such as keeping up with the development trend of the industry and meeting the needs of water conservancy enterprises, which provides the basis and ideas for further adjustment of water conservancy specialty setting and curriculum system of higher vocational colleges.