Abstract: In Jincheng City, 462 rural drinking water samples were selected for water quality testing. Based on GIS technology, statistical analysis was conducted on the test data. The results showed that there were significant differences in the spatial distribution of sulfate, chloride, nitrate (N), cadmium, ammonia (N), and zinc in drinking water. The distribution of pH value, fluoride, total hardness, total dissolved solids, sulfate, nitrate (N), chloride, turbidity, permanganate index, ammonia (N), cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and zinc in drinking water all had specific spatial patterns. Combined with the geological structure, rock and soil composition, meteorological and hydrological conditions, and social conditions of the area, the reasons for this distribution pattern of rural drinking water were analyzed.