Abstract: The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China takes "actively and steadily promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" as an important means for "promoting green development and facilitating harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature". The policy target of "Double Carbon" provides new value guidance for basin ecological compensation and exerts a significant internal impetus for stabilizing and optimizing the basin ecological compensation mechanism. By sorting out the development process of the ecological compensation mechanism in the Tuojiang river basin, it analyzes the predicaments faced by the construction of the ecological compensation mechanism in the Tuojiang river basin under the "Double Carbon" target and proposes corresponding optimization paths. Namely: innovating the supply of the institutional system and making good use of the policy combination; enhancing the level of collaborative governance and broadening the consultation and co-governance platform; expanding the channels of capital sources and improving the efficiency of capital utilization; establishing a compensation consultation platform and implementing classified compensation strategies; perfecting the supervision and evaluation system and building digital ecological civilization.