Abstract: From the perspective of educational ecology, the process evaluation system of ideological and political courses in college and university is a typical educational ecosystem, featuring ecological advantages such as overall correlation, dynamic interaction, and multiple integration. However, influenced by various internal and external factors, this system also has ecological imbalance problems in actual operation, such as deviation in assessment concepts, overload of assessment content, inaccurate positioning of assessment subjects, and imbalance in information exchange among subjects. It is urgently necessary to adhere to the principles of integrating knowledge and value, combining unity and diversity, integrating cultivation assessment and incentive support, combining objectivity and openness, and to optimize and improve it in multiple aspects.