Abstract: Strengthening and enhancing specialized identity is conducive to improving academic self-efficacy, effectively alleviating academic burnout, and promoting the vocational and physical and mental health development of students. The specialized identity, academic burnout, and academic self-efficacy of higher vocational college students are influenced by individual, environmental, and social factors. The research show that the values of students' specialized identity and academic self-efficacy are moderately above average, while academic burnout is relatively prevalent. Specialized identity and academic self-efficacy are significantly positively correlated, while academic burnout is significantly negatively correlated with both specialized identity and academic self-efficacy. Academic self-efficacy has a highly predictive effect on academic burnout and specialized identity. Among the seven influencing factors, different student sources and academic performances show significant differences in students' academic self-efficacy and academic burnout. Based on this, enhancing students' satisfaction, reforming evaluation methods, constructing a burnout early warning and intervention system, and strengthening career planning guidance are of positive significance for enhancing specialized identity and academic self-efficacy and reducing academic burnout.