Abstract: County-level characteristic industries in Henan Province have exhibited significant development potential in aspects such as agriculture, manufacturing, and cultural tourism. Nevertheless, during the development process, they still confront problems like insufficient technological innovation, a simplistic industrial structure, financing hardships, talent scarcity, and inadequate market promotion. Through typical case analysis and in conjunction with the actual circumstances of county-level economies in Henan Province, the roots of the issues are probed into, and the constraining factors in policy systems, technological innovation capabilities, industrial management, and market demands are analyzed. Moreover, countermeasures such as deepening industrial reforms, intensifying technological innovation, optimizing the industrial structure, and elevating the management level are put forward to facilitate the sustainable development and high-quality economic growth of county-level characteristic industries in Henan Province.