Abstract: Aqueducts are crucial hydraulic structures in water diversion and transfer projects. During the operation period, the loads acting on aqueducts mainly consist of direct loads such as self-weight and water weight, as well as secondary stresses resulting from non-uniform expansion and contraction deformations generated by temperature and humidity gradients under the influence of structural self-restraint. The coupling of these loads with environmental factors may cause problems such as excessive deformation and cracking in aqueduct structures. Taking a certain concrete aqueduct in Xinjiang as an example, it utilized the ABAQUS software to simulate the coupling effects of moisture, heat, and force fields of the concrete aqueduct under natural conditions, and quantitatively explored the influence of different load combinations on the load effects of the aqueduct body. The results show that the stress and deformation of the aqueduct body are significantly influenced by temperature and humidity.